Is Scrum a framework or a methodology?

There is some confusion when referring to Scrum. It is sometimes described as a methodology and sometimes as a framework. Before clarifying this confusion, first, both terms will be defined:

• A methodology is a set of methods, concepts, or procedures based on logical principles to reach an objective.
• A framework is a standardized set of concepts, practices, and criteria used to address a specific type of problem that serves as a reference for facing and solving new and similar issues.

Scrum is not a methodology involving processes based on predefined steps; it is an agile, very dynamic, and flexible framework which requires a cultural transformation. It encourages collaborative work aiming at obtaining the best result, promoting –unlike methodologies– the discovery, experimentation, and control of empirical processes.

Besides, Scrum aims at ensuring that knowledge comes from experience and that decision-making relies on what is known. It also uses an iterative and incremental approach to optimize risk predictability and control.

Considering Scrum as a methodology, working on that basis, and ignoring that it requires a culture change, will only make it difficult to implement this framework.